INSTALLATION NOTES for OpenBSD/powerpc 2.9 What is OpenBSD? ---------------- OpenBSD is a fully functional, multi-platform UN*X-like Operating System based on Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2) and 4.4BSD-Lite. There are several operating systems in this family, but OpenBSD differentiates itself by putting security and correctness first. The OpenBSD team strives to achieve what is called 'a secure by default' status. This means that an OpenBSD user should feel safe that their newly installed machine will not be compromised. This 'secure by default' goal is achieved by taking a proactive stance on security. Since security flaws are essentially mistakes in design or implement- ation, the OpenBSD team puts as much importance on finding and fixing existing design flaws and implementation bugs as it does writing new code. This means that an OpenBSD system will not only be more secure, but it will be more stable. The source code for all critical system components has been checked for remote-access, local-access, denial- of-service, data destruction, and information-gathering problems. In addition to bug fixing, OpenBSD has integrated strong cryptography into the base system. A fully functional IPSEC implementation is provided as well as support for common protocols such as SSL and SSH. Network filtering and monitoring tools such as ipf, ipnat, and bridging are also standard. For high performance demands, support for hardware cryptography has also been added to the base system. Because security is often seen as a tradeoff with usability, OpenBSD provides as many security options as possible to allow the user to enjoy secure computing without feeling burdened by it. To integrate more smoothly in other environments, OpenBSD 2.9 also provides several binary emulation subsystems (which includes iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4, Solaris, and Ultrix compatibility), aiming at making the emulation as accurate as possible so that it is transparent to the user. Many new user programs and device drivers have been added in OpenBSD 2.9, as well, bringing it closer to our goal of supplying a complete and modern UN*X-like environment. Tools like perl and an improved ksh are standard, as are numerous other useful tools. Because OpenBSD is from Canada, the export of Cryptography pieces (such as SSH, IPSEC, and KerberosIV) to the world is not restricted. (NOTE: OpenBSD can not be re-exported from the US once it has entered the US. Because of this, take care NOT to get the distribution from an FTP server in the US if you are outside of Canada and the US.) For powerpc, OpenBSD 2.9 adds support for more machines, PowerBook G3, PowerBook G4, iBooks and newer iMac systems. System stability is greatly improved. Sharing of disks between OpenBSD/powerpc and MacOS is now supported. Sources of OpenBSD: ------------------- This is a list of currently known ftp servers: Argentina: ftp://ftp.openbsd.org.ar/pub/OpenBSD Australia: ftp://ftp.aba.net.au/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.au.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.it.net.au/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.wiretapped.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/OpenBSD Austria: ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/OpenBSD Belgium: ftp://openbsd.rug.ac.be/pub/OpenBSD Canada: ftp://openbsd.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp1.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD China (Hong Kong): ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/OpenBSD France: ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.grolier.fr/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp2.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.bsdfr.org/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp3.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Germany: ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.de.openbsd.org/unix/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp2.de.openbsd.org/unix/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.fh-wolfenbuettel.de/pub/os/openbsd ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/OpenBSD Greece: ftp://filoktitis.noc.uoa.gr/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.duth.gr/pub/OpenBSD Hungary: ftp://ftp.fsn.hu/pub/OpenBSD Ireland: ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/OpenBSD Italy: ftp://ftp.volftp.mondadori.com/mirror/openbsd Japan: ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.jp.openbsd.org/OpenBSD ftp://ftp2.jp.openbsd.org/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.netlab.is.tsukuba.ac.jp/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/OpenBSD The Netherlands: ftp://ftp.calyx.nl/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/OpenBSD New Zealand: ftp://mirror.qsi.net.nz/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.nz.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Norway: ftp://ftp.inet.no/pub/OpenBSD ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/OpenBSD Romania: ftp://quasar.uvt.ro/pub/OpenBSD Russia: ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.radio-msu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://vell.nsc.ru/pub/OpenBSD Saudi Arabia: ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD South Korea: ftp://ftp.snu.ac.kr/pub/BSD/OpenBSD Spain: ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/OpenBSD Sweden: ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp1.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/OpenBSD Switzerland: ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/pub/OpenBSD Taiwan: ftp://openbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/OpenBSD Thailand: ftp://ftp.riubon.ac.th/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.th.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.kmitl.ac.th/pub/OpenBSD United Kingdom: ftp://ftp.knowledge.com/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://sunsite.org.uk/Mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD USA: ftp://openbsd.cs.colorado.edu/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp3.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp6.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp1.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp4.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/os/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp7.usa.openbsd.org/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://archive.progeny.com/OpenBSD ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://download.sourceforge.net/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.geto.net/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.src.uchicago.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.tux.org/bsd/openbsd ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://gandalf.neark.org/pub/distributions/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://rt.fm/pub/OpenBSD As well, the file ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.9/ftplist contains a list which is continually updated. If you wish to become a distribution site for OpenBSD, contact miod@openbsd.org. OpenBSD 2.9 Release Contents: ----------------------------- The OpenBSD 2.9 release is organized in the following way. In the .../2.9 directory, for each of the architectures having an OpenBSD 2.9 binary distribution, there is a sub-directory. The powerpc-specific portion of the OpenBSD 2.9 release is found in the "powerpc" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../2.9/powerpc/ INSTALL.powerpc Installation notes; this file. CKSUM Output of the cksum(1) and md5(1) programs MD5 usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files. *.tgz powerpc binary distribution sets; see below. bsd A stock GENERIC powerpc kernel which will be installed on your system during the install. bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded filesystem contains the installation tools. Used for simple installation from a pre- existing system. cd29.fs The standard powerpc boot and installation CD image; see below. There are several ways to boot a supported PowerPC Macintosh system into the OpenBSD installer. Unfortunately they all currently require some limited knowledge of Open Firmware, the low-level process that controls the microprocessor after hardware initialization and diagnostics are performed but before control is handed to the operating system. To access Open Firmware you should simultaneously hold down the Command, Option, O and F keys immediately upon booting. You will be presented with information and a ">" prompt that will look something like this (example taken from a Power Macintosh G4): Apple PowerMac3,1 2.4f1 BootROM built on 02/18/00 at 09:44:35 Copyright 1994-2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All Rights Reserved Welcome to Open Firmware To continue booting, type "mac-boot" and press return To shut down, type "shut-down" and press return ok 0 > Important Open Firmware command examples: ----------------------------------------- boot cd:,ofwboot /2.9/powerpc/bsd.rd (boot from an appropriately prepared OpenBSD CD in the CD/DVD drive) boot enet:,ofwboot /bsd.rd (netboot from a pre-configured bootp/tftp/nfs server containing the "ofwboot" and "bsd.rd" files at the root directory of the tftp server) boot ide1:,ofwboot /bsd (After installation, boot /bsd from the slave device on the second ATA bus) mac-boot (boot into MacOS) reset-all (reboot the machine) shut-down (halt the machine; shutdown) printenv (print current machine variables) setenv (set a machine variable) devalias (list device aliases; useful for locating other devices in the machine such as hard drives etc) As seen above, device aliases typically take the form of "ide", "cd" etc. To boot to an alternative device you may substitute them with entries from this list (example devices taken from a Power Macintosh G4): ultra0 = hd = master device, primary ATA bus (factory-installed drive) ultra1 = slave device, primary ATA bus ide0 = cd = master device, secondary ATA bus (CD/DVD drive) ide1 = slave device, secondary ATA bus (Zip drive, if installed) enet = motherboard ethernet device Other Open Firmware command examples: ------------------------------------- setenv auto-boot? false (force the machine to wait at Open Firmware for user input at next reboot; options are true/false) setenv boot-device ide:,ofwboot /bsd (force the machine to boot into OpenBSD automatically at next reboot) dev / (change to root level of the device tree) pwd (show current location in the device tree) ls (show items at current location in the device tree) words (show methods of items at current location in the device tree) .properties (show properties of items at current location in the device tree) NOTES: The powerpc port does not currently support booting from a USB Zip drive, if installed. To reset a Power Macintosh to the factory-configure Open Firmware settings, simultaneously hold down the Command, Option, P, R keys immediately upon booting. Typically the machine will then attempt to load Mac OS, if available. The OpenBSD/powerpc binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD 2.9 release for powerpc systems. There are ten binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "powerpc" subdirectory of the OpenBSD 2.9 distribution tree, and are as follows: base29 The OpenBSD/powerpc 2.9 base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. [ 23.4M gzipped, 70.8M uncompressed ] comp29 The OpenBSD/powerpc Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, and FORTRAN (yes, there are two!) are supported. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. [ 19.7M gzipped, 68.0M uncompressed ] etc29 This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.) [ 1.0M gzipped, 3.5M uncompressed ] game29 This set includes the games and their manual pages. [ 2.7M gzipped, 6.4M uncompressed ] man29 This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. [ 5.4M gzipped, 20.9M uncompressed ] misc29 This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default. [ 1.6M gzipped, 5.7M uncompressed ] xbase29 This set includes the base X distribution. This includes programs, headers, libraries, configuration files. [ 7.2M gzipped, 12.1M uncompressed ] xshare29 This set includes all text files equivalent between all architectures. [ 1.7M gzipped, 8.1M uncompressed ] xfont29 This set includes all of the X fonts. [ 11.6M gzipped, 7.3M uncompressed ] xserv29 This set includes all of the X servers. [ 4.4M gzipped, 5.4M uncompressed ] OpenBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices: -------------------------------------------------- OpenBSD/powerpc 2.9 runs on iMac, G4 Power Macintosh, G4 Cube as well As PowerBook and iBook machines. Machines with older firmware: 6xxx, 7xxx 8xxx, and 9xxx machines are not supported. PowerMac G3 Beige and B&W G3 are unknown. Has been tested on iMac Revs A-C as well as on iMac DV(+) machines, several Power Macintosh G4 systems (single and dual processor), as well as the G4 Cube. For portables, PowerBook G3, PowerBook G4 have been tested, iBook minimally tested. Note that power saving features on portables are very limited, no power management features are available, suspend/sleep is not supported. Supported devices include: IDE hard disk controllers. onboard controllers supported. SCSI host adapters: Symbios Logic (NCR) 53C8xx-based PCI SCSI host adapters AGP/SVGA/VGA Display Adapters: Primary Openfirmware display only. Serial ports: None. Ethernet adapters: Digital DC21x4x-based PCI Ethernet adapters, including: Znyx ZX34X Onboard Older iMac 10-100Mbs (bm) Ethernet. Onboard G4/PowerBook/Newer iMac (gm) ethernet. Tape drives: SCSI Tape drives CD-ROM drives: SCSI CD-ROM drives SCSI CD-RW drives Atapi CD-ROM drives Atapi DVD-ROM drives Atapi DVD-RAM drives (read-only) Atapi CD-RW drives. Mice: USB Mice. Sound Cards: AWACS supported, but not enabled due to performance issue. Miscellaneous: USB Hubs. USB printers. Getting the OpenBSD System onto Useful Media: --------------------------------------------- Installation is supported from several media types, including: CDROM FFS partitions HFS partitions (bootloader only, in conjuction with FTP/HTTP/tape) Tape FTP HTTP Unless the machine already has openbsd installed on it, and the bootloader can be loaded from local disk the bootloader will need to be loaded from the network (netboot) but from there the system can be installed from any of the above. While an installation floppy is included in the snapshot it is unlikely that it will be very useful due to lack of floppy drive on the imac and the reported inability to boot from USB floppies on the supported version of the hardware. Obviously, the steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation or upgrade depend on which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media types are outlined below. To install or upgrade OpenBSD using a tape, you need to do the following: To install OpenBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in "tar" format. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like: tar cf where "" is the name of the tape device that describes the tape drive you're using (possibly /dev/rst0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to system. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.) In the above example, "" are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the "base29" and "etc29" distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: cd .../2.9 # the top of the tree cd powerpc/ tar cf base29 etc29 (Note that you still need to fill in "" in the example.) Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base29" set somewhere in your file system. If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should NOT upgrade the "etc" distribution; the "etc" distribution contains system configuration files that you should review and update by hand. Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system. Preparing your System for OpenBSD Installation: ----------------------------------------------- OpenBSD/powerpc is now capable of booting either from a dedicated disk using a MBR partitioned disk or sharing a disk with MacOS. If the disk is to be shared between MacOS and OpenBSD, it is necessary to reformat and install the MacOS partitions first, using "Drive Setup", leaving space on the disk as an "Unused" partition. If the disk was previously partitioned, it is possible to reuse a Pariti on for OpenBSD, as long as it is not the first Pariti on on the disk. The bootloader is expected to be found in that first (HFS) Pariti on. For dedicated disks, powerpc port boots off a boot program in an MSDOS filesystem. This is now set up by the install program and no special setup is required. Installing the OpenBSD System: ------------------------------ Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you should decide if OpenBSD is to be installed on the whole disk or share the disk with MacOS. For stand-alone (No MacOS installed) or dedicated disks, the MBR installation method should be chosen and no additional prep is necessary. If it is to shared the disk with MacOS a partition must be preallocated by the MacOS partition editor and MacOS installed to the proper partition. This expects that the HFS partition will be the first partition on the disk, and then the OpenBSD partition will follow. This may require the disk be reformatted and reinstalled under MacOS using the "Drive Setup" application. You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. At this time, the system can be installed from the supplied CD boot image, by network loading the bootloader or loading the bootloader and kernel from a HFS partition. Once the bootloader is installed on the local hard drive, the system can boot from it. OpenBSD may share a drive with MacOS if the process is followed carefully. Currently it is necessary to use OpenFirmware commands to dual boot between OS's, or multiple drives may be used with each OS owning drive(s). Note that on many of the systems is it not possible to automatically boot OpenBSD at this time. (Refer to "OpenBSD 2.9 Release Contents" above for information on how to access and boot from Open Firmware) You will then be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them, to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "wd0" or "sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD's partitions. You will also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information later inside the install program. While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You should be warned that no swap space is present, and that init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a shell name, just hit return. Now you will be asked whether you wish to do an "install" or an "upgrade". Enter 'i' for a fresh install or 'u' to upgrade an existing installation. You will be presented with a welcome message and asked if you really wish to install (or upgrade). Assuming you answered yes, you will be asked which terminal type to use. You should just hit return to select the default (vt220). The install program will then tell you which disks of that type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The name of the disk is typically "wd0" for IDE/ATA drives or "sd0" for SCSI drives. Reply with the name of your disk. Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk OpenBSD is being installed on. If there are any existing partitions defined (for any operating system), and a disk label is not found, you will first be given an opportunity to run fdisk (MBR partitioned disk) or pdisk (HFS partitioned disk) and create an OpenBSD partition. If pdisk is being invoked, It will issue a prompt which will allow one to delete the Unused partition, then using the "C" command create a new partition. It is necessary to display the partition table, either before deleting the free partition or after, to know the start and size of the partition. An example Partition map:The partition map may look like the following Before editing the table, it looks like: #: type name length base ( size ) 1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1 2: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 54 @ 64 3: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 74 @ 118 4: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 54 @ 192 5: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 74 @ 246 6: Apple_FWDriver Macintosh 200 @ 320 7: Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh 512 @ 520 8: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 1032 9: Apple_HFS untitled 2142310 @ 1544 ( 1.0G) 10: Apple_HFS untitled 2 4120589 @ 2143854 ( 2.0G) 11: Unused untitled 3 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G) After editing the table, it should look like: #: type name length base ( size ) 1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1 2: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 54 @ 64 3: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 74 @ 118 4: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 54 @ 192 5: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 74 @ 246 6: Apple_FWDriver Macintosh 200 @ 320 7: Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh 512 @ 520 8: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 1032 9: Apple_HFS untitled 2142310 @ 1544 ( 1.0G) 10: Apple_HFS untitled 2 4120589 @ 2143854 ( 2.0G) 11: OpenBSD OpenBSD 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G) This will likely be different based on the number of partitions created on the disk by the Apple partition editor. It is _VERY_ important to not change the start or sizes of partitions other than the ones that are to be used by OpenBSD, including the Apple_Driver.* and Apple_partition_map. --- Command (? for help): p Command (? for help): d 11 Command (? for help): C First block: 6264443 Length in blocks: 6330517 Name of partition: OpenBSD Type of partition: OpenBSD Command (? for help): p --- After the partition is deleted, if the partition is printed, it will show up as: ... 11: Apple_Free Extra 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G) ... If fdisk is being invoked, it will start by displaying the current partitions defined and then allow you to modify this information, add new partitions and change which partition to boot from by default. If you make a mistake, you will be allowed to repeat this procedure as necessary to correct this. Note that you should make OpenBSD be the active partition at least until the install has been completed. Next the disk label which defines the layout of the OpenBSD file systems must be set up. The installation script will invoke an editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. If you have DOS or Linux partitions defined on the disk, these will usually show up as partition 'h', 'i' and so on. It is recommended that you create separate partitions for /usr and /var, and if you have room for it, also for /home. Currently OpenBSD will not share a disk with any other operating system care should be taken not to overwrite any data on other disks in the system and that no data is on the disk to be used for OpenBSD/powerpc. Note that all OpenBSD partitions in the disk label must have an offset that makes it start within the OpenBSD part of the disk, and a size that keeps it inside of that portion of the disk. This is within the bounds of the 'c' partition. The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD". Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can also be 4096 and 512 or even 16384 and 2048 bytes. The install program will now label your disk and ask which file systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto- matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system. Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (e.g. "sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (e.g. "d") appended (e.g. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is to be mounted, e.g. /usr. This process will be repeated until you just hit return. At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the point of no return. After all your file systems have been created, the install program will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. If you select to configure the network, the install program will ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use. Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that the domain name should NOT include the host name part. Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use, the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. The interface-specific flags are usually used to determine which media the network card is to use. Supply the appropriate media options as suggested, Typically no media flags are required as autodetect normally works. After all network interfaces has been configured the install pro- gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity to edit the host table. At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that will be used by the finished system, following which the new file systems will be mounted to complete the installation. After these preparatory steps has been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM or a local disk partition. To install from a tape, the distrib- ution sets must have been written to tape prior to running the installation program, either as tar images or as gzipped tar images. Note that installation from floppies are not currently supported. To install via FTP: To begin an FTP install you will need the following pieces of information. Don't be daunted by this list; the defaults are sufficient for most people. 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based ftp proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing ftp (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) Do you need to use active mode ftp? By default, ftp will attempt to use passive mode and fall back to an active connection if the server does not support passive mode. You only need to enable this option if you are connecting to a buggy ftp daemon that implements passive ftp incorrectly. Note that you will not be asked about active ftp if you are using a proxy. 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an ftp server carrying the OpenBSD 2.9 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The ftp directory holding the distribution sets. The default value of pub/OpenBSD/2.9/powerpc is almost always correct. 5) The login and password for the ftp account. You will only be asked for a password for non-anonymous ftp. For instructions on how to complete the installation via ftp, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based http proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing http connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an http server carrying the OpenBSD 2.9 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The directory holding the distribution sets. There is no standard location for this; You should use the directory specified along with the server in the list of official http mirror sites that you received in step 3. For instructions on how to complete the installation via http, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install from tape: In order to install from tape, the distribution sets to be installed must have been written to tape previously, either in tar format or gzip-compressed tar format. You will also have to identify the tape device where the distribution sets are to be extracted from. This will typically be "nrst0" (no-rewind, raw interface). Next you will have to provide the file number of the set that is to be extracted. Note that the file number starts at 1, which is the first file written to the tape, unless you have created a bootable tape, in which case the file number starts at 3. The install program will not automatically detect whether an image has been compressed, so it will ask for that information before starting the extraction. To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be either "cd0" or "acd0". Next you will be asked which partition on the CD-ROM the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". Next you will have to identify the file system type that has been used to create the distribution on the CD-ROM, this can be either FFS or ISO CD9660. The OpenBSD CD distribution uses the CD9660 format. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD which holds the distribution, for the powerpc this is "2.9/powerpc". For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally "sdN" where N is a number 0 through 9. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution, this is a single letter between 'a' and 'p'. You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can install from partitions that has been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs) or MS-DOS. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the a local disk partition, see the next section. Common file system installations: The following instructions are common to installations from local disk partitions, NFS mounted directories and CD-ROMs. A list of available distribution sets will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to extract file sets. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to extract. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. Common URL installations: Once you have entered the required information, the install program will fetch a file list and present a list of all the distribution sets that were found in the specified directory. (If no valid sets were found, you will be notified and given the option of unpacking any gzipped tar files found or getting a file list if none were found.) At this point you may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to download and install the files. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to download and unpack. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. When all the selected distribution sets has been extracted, you will be allowed to select which time zone your system will be using, all the device nodes needed by the installed system will be created for you and the file systems will be unmounted. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base29", "etc29", and "bsd" distribution sets. Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD 2.9. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. You should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. You should have got a mail from the install program we recommend you to read, it contains answers to basic questions you might have about OpenBSD (like setting up your system, installing packages, getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output and more). This you can do by running mail and then just enter "1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD 2.9 distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. Upgrading a previously-installed OpenBSD System: ------------------------------------------------ Be warned that upgrades may not be well supported currently for the powerpc port. To upgrade OpenBSD 2.9 from a previous version, start with the general instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD". Boot from the miniroot. When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall option at the prompt in the install process. The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the new system in, and also preserve files in `/etc' which you are likely to have customized since a previous installation. Getting source code for your OpenBSD System: -------------------------------------------- Now that your OpenBSD system is up and running, you probably want to get access to source code so that you can recompile pieces of the system. A few methods are provided. If you have an OpenBSD CD, the source code is provided. Otherwise, you can get the pieces over the Internet using ANONCVS, CTM or FTP. For more information, see http://www.openbsd.org/anoncvs.html http://www.openbsd.org/ctm.html http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html Using online OpenBSD documentation: ----------------------------------- Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the UN*X "man pages" (documentation) are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are intro(1), man(1), apropos(1), passwd(1), and passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Adding third party software; ``packages'' and ``ports'': ------------------------------------------------------- As complete as your OpenBSD system is, you may want to add any of several excellent third party software applications. There are several ways to do this. You can: 1) Obtain the source code and build the application based upon whatever installation procedures are provided with the application. 2) Use the OpenBSD ``ports'' collection to automatically get any needed source file, apply any required patches, create the application, and install it for you. 3) Use the OpenBSD ``package'' collection to grab a pre-compiled and tested version of the application for your hardware. If you purchased the OpenBSD CD-ROM you already have several popular ``packages'', and the ``ports'' collection. Instructions for installing applications from the various sources using the different installation methods follow. If emacs is to be installed it should be installed first as it creates the ``info'' directory file that may be modified by other applications. You should also refer to the packages(7) manual page. Installing applications from the CD-ROM package collection: The OpenBSD CD-ROM ships with several applications pre-built for various hardware architectures. The number of applications vary according to available disk space. Check the directory 2.9/packages/powerpc to see which packages are available for your hardware architecture. That directory will be on the same CD-ROM containing the OS installation files for your architecture. To install one or more of these packages you must 1) become the superuser (root) 2) mount the appropriate CD-ROM 3) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software Example (in which we use su(1) to get superuser privileges, thus you have to be in group "wheel", see the manual page for su(1)). $ su Password: # mkdir -p /cdrom # mount /dev/cd0a /cdrom # pkg_add /cdrom/2.9/packages/powerpc/ # # umount /cdrom Package names are usually the application name and version with .tgz appended, e.g. emacs-20.3.tgz Installing applications from the ftp.openbsd.org package collection: All available packages for your architecture have been placed on ftp.openbsd.org in the directory pub/OpenBSD/2.9/packages/powerpc/ You may want to peruse this to see what packages are available. The packages are also on the OpenBSD FTP mirror sites. See http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html for a list of current ftp mirror sites. Installation of a package is very easy. 1) become the superuser (root) 2) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software ``pkg_add'' is smart enough to know how to download the software from the OpenBSD ftp server. Example: $ su Password: # pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.9/packages/powerpc/emacs-20.3.tgz Packages available include (at least): ImageMagick-4.2.0.tgz m4-1.4.tgz Xaw3d-1.3.tgz mm-2.7.tgz aalib-1.2.tgz mpeg_lib-1.2.1.tgz afm-1.0.tgz mpeg_play-2.4.tgz autoconf-2.13.tgz netpbm-19940301.tgz bash-2.03.tgz netpipes-4.1.1-export.tgz bison-1.25.tgz nmh-1.0.tgz bzip2-0.9.0c.tgz pgp-2.6.3-intl.tgz compface-1.0.tgz pgp-2.6.3-usa.tgz cucipop-1.31.tgz pine-4.10.tgz dejagnu-1.3.tgz png-1.0.3.tgz egcs-1.1.2.tgz psutils-1.17-a4.tgz emacs-20.3.tgz psutils-1.17-letter.tgz enscript-1.6.1.tgz screen-3.7.6.tgz ethereal-0.5.1.tgz sharutils-4.2.tgz expect-5.28.tgz sniffit-0.3.5.tgz fetchmail-4.7.9.tgz freetype-1.2.tgz gettext-0.10.35.tgz tar-1.12.tgz ghostscript-5.10.tgz tcl-8.0.5.tgz gimp-1.1.4.tgz tcsh-6.08.00.tgz glib-1.2.1.tgz teTeX-0.4.tgz glimpse-4.1.tgz tiff-3.4.tgz gmake-3.77.tgz tk-8.0.5.tgz gnuplot-3.7.tgz transfig-3.2.1.tgz gtk+-1.2.1.tgz unzip-5.40.tgz gv-3.5.8.tgz viewfax-2.3.tgz id-utils-3.2.tgz wget-1.5.3.tgz idled-1.16.tgz xcolors-1.3.tgz iozone-2.01.tgz xfig-3.2.2.tgz ircii-2.8.2-epic3.004.tgz xntp3-5.93e-export.tgz ispell-3.1.20.tgz xpaint-2.5.5.tgz jove-4.16.tgz xpdf-0.80.tgz jpeg-6b.tgz xphoon-91.9.18.tgz lesstif-0.88.0.tgz xspread-2.1.tgz libslang-1.2.2.tgz xv-3.10a.tgz Note: these packages may not exist for all architectures; other packages may be added. Some packages are only available via ftp. Installing applications from the CD-ROM ports collection: The CD-ROM ``ports'' collection is a set of Makefiles, patches, and other files used to control the building and installation of an application from source files. Creating an application from sources can require a lot of disk space, sometimes 50 megabytes or more. The first step is to determine which of your disks has enough room. Once you've made this determination read the file README.ports on CD-ROM 2 to see how to copy or mount the ports directory. To build an application you must: 1) become the superuser (root) 2) have network access, or obtain the actual source files by some other means. 3) cd to the ports directory containing the port you wish to build. To build samba, for example, where you'd previously copied the ports files into the /usr/ports directory: cd /usr/ports/net/samba 4) make 5) make install 6) make clean Installing applications from the OpenBSD ports collection: See http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html for current instructions on obtaining and installing OpenBSD ports. You should also refer to the ports(7) manual page. Installing other applications: If an OpenBSD package or port does not exist for an application you're pretty much on your own. The first thing to do is ask ports@openbsd.org if anyone is working on a port -- there may be one in progress. If no luck there you may try the FreeBSD ports or NetBSD package collection. If you are on an i386 based machine it is quite possible that the FreeBSD port, if one exists, will work for you. If you can't find an existing port try to make your own and feed it back to OpenBSD. That's how our ports collection grows. Some details can be found at http://www.openbsd.org/porting.html with more help coming from the mailing list, ports@openbsd.org. Administrivia: -------------- There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at . To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. There are also two OpenBSD Usenet newsgroups, comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.announce for important announcements and comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.misc for general OpenBSD discussion. To report bugs, use the 'sendbug' command shipped with OpenBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: bugs@OpenBSD.ORG Use of 'sendbug' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the OpenBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to the mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.